DB unit testing with dbUnit, JSON, HSQLDB and JUnit Rules

Dan HaywoodJanuary 10th, 2012Last Updated: October 21st, 2012

1 272 5 minutes read

In this week’s run of my TDD course, I thought it would be interesting to write a little fixture to make it easier to use dbUnit. My original thought was just to teach dbUnit about JSON, but it turns out that Lieven Doclo has done that already. So I decided to go a step further and also combine dbUnit with JUnit Rules, and provide automatic bootstrapping of an HSQLDB in-memory object store.

The following test shows what I ended up with:

package com.danhaywood.tdd.dbunit.test;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

import org.dbunit.Assertion;
import org.dbunit.dataset.ITable;
import org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.danhaywood.tdd.dbunit.DbUnitRule;
import com.danhaywood.tdd.dbunit.DbUnitRule.Ddl;
import com.danhaywood.tdd.dbunit.DbUnitRule.JsonData;

public class DbUnitRuleExample {

    @Rule
    public DbUnitRule dbUnit = new DbUnitRule(
            DbUnitRuleExample.class, jdbcDriver.class,
            "jdbc:hsqldb:file:src/test/resources/testdb", "SA", "");

@Ddl("customer.ddl")
    @JsonData("customer.json")
    @Test
    public void update_lastName() throws Exception {
        // when
        Statement statement = dbUnit.getConnection().createStatement();
        statement.executeUpdate("update customer set last_name='Bloggs' where id=2");

        // then (verify directly)
        ResultSet rs2 = dbUnit.executeQuery("select last_name from customer where id = 2");
        assertThat(rs2.next(), is(true));
        assertThat(rs2.getString("last_name"), equalTo("Bloggs"));

        // then (verify using datasets)
        ITable actualTable = dbUnit.createQueryTable("customer", "select * from customer order by id");
        ITable expectedTable = dbUnit.jsonDataSet("customer-updated.json").getTable("customer");

        Assertion.assertEquals(expectedTable, actualTable);
    }
}

where customer.ddl is:

drop table customer if exists;
create table customer (
 id         int         not null primary key
   ,first_name varchar(30) not null
   ,initial    varchar(1)  null
   ,last_name  varchar(30) not null
)

and customer.json (the initial data set) is:

{
  "customer":
   [
     {
       "id": 1,
       "first_name": "John",
       "initial": "K",
       "last_name": "Smith"
     },
     {
       "id": 2,
       "first_name": "Mary",
       "last_name": "Jones"
     }
   ]
}

and customer-updated.json (the final data set) is:

{
  "customer":
   [
     {
       "id": 1,
       "first_name": "John",
       "initial": "K",
       "last_name": "Smith"
     },
     {
       "id": 2,
       "first_name": "Mary",
       "last_name": "Bloggs"
     }
   ]
}

As you’ve probably figured out, the @Ddl annotation optionally specifies DDL script(s) to run against the database, while the @JsonData defines a JSON-formatted dataset.

The actual implementation of the DbUnitRule class is:

package com.danhaywood.tdd.dbunit;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.dbunit.IDatabaseTester;
import org.dbunit.JdbcDatabaseTester;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DataSetException;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.ITable;
import org.junit.rules.MethodRule;
import org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod;
import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;

import com.google.common.io.Resources;

public class DbUnitRule implements MethodRule {

    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target({ ElementType.METHOD })
    public static @interface Ddl {
        String[] value();
    }

    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target({ ElementType.METHOD })
    public static @interface JsonData {
        String value();
    }

    private final Class<?> resourceBase;

    private IDatabaseTester databaseTester;
    private IDatabaseConnection dbUnitConnection;

    private Connection connection;
    private java.sql.Statement statement;

    public DbUnitRule(Class<?> resourceBase, Class<?> driver, String url, String user, String password) {
        this.resourceBase = resourceBase;
        try {
            databaseTester = new JdbcDatabaseTester(driver.getName(), url, user, password);
            dbUnitConnection = databaseTester.getConnection();
            connection = dbUnitConnection.getConnection();
            statement = connection.createStatement();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Statement apply(final Statement base, final FrameworkMethod method, final Object target) {

        return new Statement() {

            @Override
            public void evaluate() throws Throwable {

                try {
                    Ddl ddl = method.getAnnotation(Ddl.class);
                    if (ddl != null) {
                        String[] values = ddl.value();
                        for (String value : values) {
                            executeUpdate(Resources.toString(
                                resourceBase.getResource(value), Charset.defaultCharset()));
                        }
                    }

                    JsonData data = method.getAnnotation(JsonData.class);
                    if (data != null) {
                        IDataSet ds = new JSONDataSet(resourceBase.getResourceAsStream(data.value()));
                        databaseTester.setDataSet(ds);
                    }

                    databaseTester.onSetup();
                    base.evaluate();
                } finally {
                    databaseTester.onTearDown();
                }
            }
        };
    }

    public java.sql.Connection getConnection() {
        return connection;
    }

    public void executeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException {
        statement.executeUpdate(sql);
    }

    public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return statement.executeQuery(sql);
    }

    public IDataSet jsonDataSet(String datasetResource) {
        return new JSONDataSet(resourceBase.getResourceAsStream(datasetResource));
    }

    public ITable createQueryTable(String string, String string2) throws DataSetException, SQLException {
        return dbUnitConnection.createQueryTable(string, string2);
    }
}

This uses Lieven Doclo’s JSONDataSet (copied here for your convenience):

import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;

import org.dbunit.dataset.*;
import org.dbunit.dataset.datatype.DataType;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * DBUnit DataSet format for JSON based datasets. It is similar to the flat XML layout,
 * but has some improvements (columns are calculated by parsing the entire dataset, not just
 * the first row). It uses Jackson, a fast JSON processor.
 * <br/><br/>
 * The format looks like this:
 * <br/>
 * <pre>
 * {
 *    "&lt;table_name&gt;": [
 *        {
 *             "&lt;column&gt;":&lt;value&gt;,
 *             ...
 *        },
 *        ...
 *    ],
 *    ...
 * }
 * </pre>
 * <br/>
 * I.e.:
 * <br/>
 * <pre>
 * {
 *    "test_table": [
 *        {
 *             "id":1,
 *             "code":"JSON dataset",
 *        },
 *        {
 *             "id":2,
 *             "code":"Another row",
 *        }
 *    ],
 *    "another_table": [
 *        {
 *             "id":1,
 *             "description":"Foo",
 *        },
 *        {
 *             "id":2,
 *             "description":"Bar",
 *        }
 *    ],
 *    ...
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * @author Lieven DOCLO
 */
public class JSONDataSet extends AbstractDataSet {
    // The parser for the dataset JSON file
    private JSONITableParser tableParser = new JSONITableParser();

    // The tables after parsing
    private List<ITable> tables;

    /**
     * Creates a JSON dataset based on a file
     * @param file A JSON dataset file
     */

    public JSONDataSet(File file) {
        tables = tableParser.getTables(file);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a JSON dataset based on an inputstream
     * @param is An inputstream pointing to a JSON dataset
     */
    public JSONDataSet(InputStream is) {
        tables = tableParser.getTables(is);
    }

    @Override
    protected ITableIterator createIterator(boolean reverse) throws DataSetException {
        return new DefaultTableIterator(tables.toArray(new ITable[tables.size()]));
    }

    private class JSONITableParser {

        private ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

        /**
         * Parses a JSON dataset file and returns the list of DBUnit tables contained in
         * that file
         * @param jsonFile A JSON dataset file
         * @return A list of DBUnit tables
         */
        public List<ITable> getTables(File jsonFile) {
            try {
                return getTables(new FileInputStream(jsonFile));
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Parses a JSON dataset input stream and returns the list of DBUnit tables contained in
         * that input stream
         * @param jsonStream A JSON dataset input stream
         * @return A list of DBUnit tables
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public List<ITable> getTables(InputStream jsonStream) {
            List<ITable> tables = new ArrayList<ITable>();
            try {
                // get the base object tree from the JSON stream
                Map<String, Object> dataset = mapper.readValue(jsonStream, Map.class);
                // iterate over the tables in the object tree
                for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : dataset.entrySet()) {
                    // get the rows for the table
                    List<Map<String, Object>> rows = (List<Map<String, Object>>) entry.getValue();
                    ITableMetaData meta = getMetaData(entry.getKey(), rows);
                    // create a table based on the metadata
                    DefaultTable table = new DefaultTable(meta);
                    int rowIndex = 0;
                    // iterate through the rows and fill the table
                    for (Map<String, Object> row : rows) {
                        fillRow(table, row, rowIndex++);
                    }
                    // add the table to the list of DBUnit tables
                    tables.add(table);
                }

            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
            return tables;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the table meta data based on the rows for a table
         * @param tableName The name of the table
         * @param rows The rows of the table
         * @return The table metadata for the table
         */
        private ITableMetaData getMetaData(String tableName, List<Map<String, Object>> rows) {
            Set<String> columns = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
            // iterate through the dataset and add the column names to a set
            for (Map<String, Object> row : rows) {
                for (Map.Entry<String, Object> column : row.entrySet()) {
                    columns.add(column.getKey());
                }
            }
            List<Column> list = new ArrayList<Column>(columns.size());
            // create a list of DBUnit columns based on the column name set
            for (String s : columns) {
                list.add(new Column(s, DataType.UNKNOWN));
            }
            return new DefaultTableMetaData(tableName, list.toArray(new Column[list.size()]));
        }

        /**
         * Fill a table row
         * @param table The table to be filled
         * @param row A map containing the column values
         * @param rowIndex The index of the row to te filled
         */
        private void fillRow(DefaultTable table, Map<String, Object> row, int rowIndex) {
            try {
                table.addRow();
                // set the column values for the current row
                for (Map.Entry<String, Object> column : row.entrySet()) {
                    table.setValue(rowIndex, column.getKey(), column.getValue());

                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
    }
}

The libraries I used for this (ie are dependencies) are: