Spring 4.1 and Java 8: java.util.Optional

Rafal BorowiecJuly 31st, 2014Last Updated: July 31st, 2014

1 32 2 minutes read

As of Spring 4.1 Java 8’s java.util.Optional, a container object which may or may not contain a non-null value, is supported with @RequestParam, @RequestHeader and @MatrixVariable. While using Java 8’s java.util.Optional you make sure your parameters are never null.

Request Params

In this example we will bind java.time.LocalDate as java.util.Optional using @RequestParam:

@RestController
@RequestMapping("o")
public class SampleController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "r", produces = "text/plain")
    public String requestParamAsOptional(
            @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE)
            @RequestParam(value = "ld") Optional<LocalDate> localDate) {

        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("ld: ");
        localDate.ifPresent(value -> result.append(value.toString()));
        return result.toString();
    }
}

Prior to Spring 4.1, we would get an exception that no matching editors or conversion strategy was found. As of Spring 4.1, this is no more an issue. To verify the binding works properly, we may create a simple integration test:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class SampleSomeControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    // ...

}

In the first test, we will check if the binding works properly and if the proper result is returned:

@Test
public void bindsNonNullLocalDateAsRequestParam() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/o/r").param("ld", "2020-01-01"))
            .andExpect(content().string("ld: 2020-01-01"));
}

In the next test, we will not pass ld parameter:

@Test
public void bindsNoLocalDateAsRequestParam() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/o/r"))
            .andExpect(content().string("ld: "));
}

Both tests should be green!

Request Headers

Similarly, we can bind @RequestHeader to java.util.Optional:

@RequestMapping(value = "h", produces = "text/plain")
public String requestHeaderAsOptional(
        @RequestHeader(value = "Custom-Header") Optional<String> header) {

    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("Custom-Header: ");
    header.ifPresent(value -> result.append(value));

    return result.toString();
}

And the tests:

@Test
public void bindsNonNullCustomHeader() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/o/h").header("Custom-Header", "Value"))
            .andExpect(content().string("Custom-Header: Value"));
}

@Test
public void noCustomHeaderGiven() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/o/h").header("Custom-Header", ""))
            .andExpect(content().string("Custom-Header: "));
}

Matrix Variables

Introduced in Spring 3.2 @MatrixVariable annotation indicates that a method parameter should be bound to a name-value pair within a path segment:

@RequestMapping(value = "m/{id}", produces = "text/plain")
public String execute(@PathVariable Integer id,
                      @MatrixVariable Optional<Integer> p,
                      @MatrixVariable Optional<Integer> q) {

    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    result.append("p: ");
    p.ifPresent(value -> result.append(value));
    result.append(", q: ");
    q.ifPresent(value -> result.append(value));

    return result.toString();
}

The above method can be called via /o/m/42;p=4;q=2 url. Let’s create a test for that:

@Test
public void bindsNonNullMatrixVariables() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/o/m/42;p=4;q=2"))
            .andExpect(content().string("p: 4, q: 2"));
}

Unfortunatelly, the test will fail, because support for @MatrixVariable annotation is disabled by default in Spring MVC. In order to enable it we need to tweak the configuration and set the removeSemicolonContent property of RequestMappingHandlerMapping to false. By default it is set to true. I have done with WebMvcConfigurerAdapter like below:

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) {
        UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();
        urlPathHelper.setRemoveSemicolonContent(false);
        configurer.setUrlPathHelper(urlPathHelper);
    }
}

And now all tests passes! Please find the source code for this article here: https://github.com/kolorobot/spring41-samples

Reference:

Spring 4.1 and Java 8: java.util.Optional from our JCG partner Rafal Borowiec at the Codeleak.pl blog.