JavaFX List Example

Prasad SayaJanuary 8th, 2015Last Updated: January 13th, 2015

14 684 16 minutes read

This is an example list application built using JavaFX. The app is a list of todo (to do) items. This app has functions to add, update and delete items in the list. The list data is stored in HSQLDB relational database. The app accesses the database using JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API. The app is packaged as an executable JAR file.

JavaFX 2.2, Java SE 7 and HSQLDB 2.3.2 are used to build the app.

This article explains building the app in detail. This document’s contents:

1. Install HSQL Database

1.1. About HSQLDB

The HSQL relational database is used for storing the todo data. In this section – get and install the database.

HSQLDB (HyperSQL DataBase) is the SQL relational database software written in Java and runs in a JVM. It is a small, fast multithreaded and transactional database engine with in-memory and disk-based tables and supports embedded and server modes. This includes a JDBC driver.

1.2. Download Database

Download the database software from the download link on the website http://hsqldb.org/. In this case, the HSQLDB version 2.3.2 is downloaded. The downloaded file is a ZIP file. Extract the ZIP file into any directory of your choice. The ZIP file is extracted into a folder hsqldb-2.3.2\hsqldb. This is the home (or install) directory.

This completes the installation. The installed database has user documentation, JDBC driver, database executables and utility programs. The install directory has /doc and /lib directories (in addition to others).

The /doc directory has the user guides.

The /lib directory has the following JAR files used commonly:

hsqldb.jar: This has the database engine, JDBC driver and a GUI database access tool.
sqltool.jar: This has a SQL command line database access tool.

2. Create App Database and Table

2.1. Create Todos Database

The GUI database access tool is used to create and access the database. From the DOS command prompt run this:

> java -cp "X:\JCG\articles\A JavaFX List Example\hsqldb-2.3.2\hsqldb\lib\hsqldb.jar" org.hsqldb.util.DatabaseManagerSwing

NOTE: The hsqldb.jar file is to be in the classpath.
This opens a Connect GUI dialog as shown below.

Enter the following information into the dialog:

Recent Setting: <Do not select anything now. Next time to connect to the database select the setting created now.>
Setting Name: <enter a name> todo db setting
Type: <select> HSQL Database Engine Standalone
Driver: <select> hsqldb.jdbcDriver
URL: <enter database file path> jdbc:hsqldb:file:<<filepath – see note below for more details to specify the path>>
User: <leave blank>
Password: <leave blank>

Note on URL’s filepath: The filepath can be specified as a relative or an absolute path. The relative path is relative to the current directory; for example jdbc:hsqldb:file:db\TODOS_DB in the URL creates a directory called db and the TODOS_DB database in it. An example with absolute path is jdbc:hsqldb:file:X:\JCG\articles\A JavaFX List Example\db\TODOS_DB.

Click Ok.

This creates a database named TODOS_DB in the specified directory. This also opens the HSQLDatabase Manager window. The window has areas showing the database structure, SQL entry and result details. The window is shown below.

2.2 Create Todo Table

The todo table has three columns: id, name and description.

id: This is a unique integer generated by the database system. This is defined as an IDENTITY column.

An IDENTITY column is an INTEGER auto-generated by the database’s sequence generator. By default the column values start from 1 and are incremented by 1. When an insert is made into the table, the id column value is automatically populated with a new sequence number. The syntax for inserting and retrieving the id column value are shown later in this article (see section 5. Create Database Access Code).

name: This is defined as VARCHAR (50), and not null.
description: This is defined as VARCHAR(500).

In the HSQLDatabase Manager window enter the following SQL script and execute it.

CREATE TABLE TODO_TABLE (
    id INTEGER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    description VARCHAR(500)
);

This creates the todo table. The newly created table can be viewed in the database structure area.

NOTE: This step need to be completed before going further. The app’s code assumes that the database and the table are created.

3. The Application

The todos are displayed in a list, where each todo is a list item. When a todo is selected in the list the name and description are displayed in a text box and text area respectively. This data can be edited. There are buttons to create a todo, delete and save. A status message shows the recent action performed.

The GUI is displayed in a window. The data displayed in the list and text box/area is accessed from the todo database. The database is opened on app start and closed on closing the app.

The following shows the completed app’s GUI.

3.1. Application Classes

The app comprises three Java classes.

Todo.java: This class represents the todo item.
TodoApp.java: This class is the main application with GUI and program execution logic.
TodoDataAccess.java: This class has functions to access the todo database.

3.1.1 Todo.java

A todo is represented by the Todo.java class. A todo has name and description properties. This also maintains a unique id field.

3.1.2 TodoDataAccess.java

This class has functions to access the todo database and the data. Its functions are:

Connect to and close the database
Insert, update, delete, query and validate data in the database

3.1.3 TodoApp.java

This class is the main application program. This has functions to start the app, close it, create the user interface and wire the GUI and the app to the data access code.

4. Build the GUI

In this step the GUI is constructed without the database access and action event handlers for the buttons. Only, the list is wired to a list selection change listener.

The app displays some predefined todo data in the list. The list todo items can be selected and the corresponding todo name and description are displayed in their respective text box/area.

The following shows the TodoApp.java class’s code followed by its description.

4.1.The Code

TodoApp.java:

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.control.ListView;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Tooltip;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;

public class TodoApp extends Application {
    private ListView<Todo> listView;
    private ObservableList<Todo> data;
    private TextField nametxt;
    private TextArea desctxt;
    private Text actionstatus;

    public static void main(String [] args) {
        Application.launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        primaryStage.setTitle("Todo App - version 1");

        // gridPane layout
        GridPane grid = new GridPane();
        grid.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
        grid.setHgap(15);
        grid.setVgap(20);
        grid.setPadding(new Insets(25, 25, 25, 25));
		
        // list view, listener and list data
        listView = new ListView<>();
        listView.getSelectionModel().selectedIndexProperty().addListener(
                new ListSelectChangeListener());
        data = getListData();
        listView.setItems(data);
        grid.add(listView, 1, 1); // col = 1, row = 1
		
        // todo name label and text fld - in a hbox
        Label namelbl = new Label("Todo Name:");
        nametxt = new TextField();
        nametxt.setMinHeight(30.0);
        nametxt.setPromptText("Enter todo name (required).");
        nametxt.setPrefColumnCount(20);
        nametxt.setTooltip(new Tooltip(
            "Item name (5 to 50 chars length)"));
        HBox hbox = new HBox();
        hbox.setSpacing(10);
        hbox.getChildren().addAll(namelbl, nametxt);

        // todo desc text area in a scrollpane
        desctxt = new TextArea();
        desctxt.setPromptText("Enter description (optional).");
        desctxt.setWrapText(true);
        ScrollPane sp = new ScrollPane();
        sp.setContent(desctxt);
        sp.setFitToWidth(true);
        sp.setFitToHeight(true);
        sp.setPrefHeight(300);
        sp.setHbarPolicy(ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy.NEVER);
        sp.setVbarPolicy(ScrollPane.ScrollBarPolicy.AS_NEEDED);
		
        // todo hbox (label + text fld), scrollpane - in a vbox 
        VBox vbox = new VBox();
        vbox.setSpacing(10);
        vbox.getChildren().addAll(hbox, sp);

        grid.add(vbox, 2, 1); // col = 2, row = 1
		
        // new and delete buttons
        Button newbtn = new Button("New");
        Button delbtn = new Button("Delete");
        HBox hbox2 = new HBox(10);
        hbox2.getChildren().addAll(newbtn, delbtn);
        grid.add(hbox2, 1, 2); // col = 1, row = 2

        // save button to the right anchor pane and grid
        Button savebtn = new Button("Save");
        AnchorPane anchor = new AnchorPane();
        AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(savebtn, 0.0);
        anchor.getChildren().add(savebtn);		
        grid.add(anchor, 2, 2); // col = 2, row = 2

        // action message (status) text
        actionstatus = new Text();
        actionstatus.setFill(Color.FIREBRICK);
        actionstatus.setText("");	
        grid.add(actionstatus, 1, 3); // col = 1, row = 3

        // scene
        Scene scene = new Scene(grid, 750, 400); // width=750, height=400
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
		
        // initial selection; statement does nothing if no data
        listView.getSelectionModel().selectFirst();
    } // start()

    private class ListSelectChangeListener implements ChangeListener<Number> {
        @Override
        public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends Number> ov, 
                Number old_val, Number new_val) {
            if ((new_val.intValue() < 0) || (new_val.intValue() >= data.size())) {
                return; // invalid data
            }	
            // set name and desc fields for the selected todo
            Todo todo = data.get(new_val.intValue());
            nametxt.setText(todo.getName());
            desctxt.setText(todo.getDesc());
            actionstatus.setText(todo.getName() + " - selected");	
        }
    }

    private ObservableList<Todo> getListData() {
        List<Todo> list = new ArrayList<>(); // initial list data
        list.add(new Todo("Work", "Work on JCG's example article."));
        list.add(new Todo("Grocery", "Get apples, milk and bread."));
        list.add(new Todo("Calls", "Call kid brother."));
        list.add(new Todo("Read book", 
            "Magnificent Obcession, by Lloyd C. Douglas."));
        ObservableList<Todo> data = FXCollections.observableList(list);
        return data;
    }
}

4.2. Code Description

4.2.1 JavaFX Classes

The following describes the JavaFX classes used to build the GUI:

The Stage class is used to construct the main window of the app.
The GridPane is used to layout the controls (buttons, text fields etc.) in a grid of rows and columns.
The HBox and VBox lay out its child controls in a single horizontal or vertical row respectively.
The ListView is used to display a vertical scrollable list of todo items from which the user can select.
The Label and Text are used for the todo name label and text fields.
The TextArea is used for the todo description field. The field is placed in a ScrollPane, so that the text can be scrolled.
The Button control is used for the new, save and delete buttons.
The Text is used to display the action status.

4.2.2 Layout of Controls

The grid pane layout has 3 rows and 2 columns. The cell in which the controls are placed is as follows:

Row 1 col 1 has the list view.
Todo label and text field are placed in hbox.
Row 1 col 2 has the hbox and the todo description text area – in a vbox.
Row 2 col 1 has the new and delete buttons – in an hbox.
Row 2 col 2 has the save button.
Row 3 col 1 has the status text.

4.2.3 List’s Change Listener

A list selection change listener, of the type ChangeListener<Number> is attached to the list view:

listView.getSelectionModel().selectedIndexProperty().addListener(new changeListener());

When a list item is selected, the item’s todo name and description are displayed in the text fields.

4.2.4 List’s Data

The list view is populated with data from an ObservableList<Todo> collection – in the app’s start() method:

data = getListData();

listView.setItems(data);

In this section, the list’s data is created within the program. The getListData() method creates todos and returns them as ObservableList<Todo> collection.

4.3 Source Code

This is the version 1 of the app. Two classes are newly created. The classes are:

Todo.java
TodoApp.java

NOTE: To compile the code and run the app, the jfxrt.jar (JavaFX library) file must be in the classpath. For Java 7 this can be found at: <JRE_HOME>/lib/jfxrt.jar.

5. Create Database Access Code

The todo list’s data is stored and accessed from a database. The TODO_TABLE in the TODO_DB database stores the todo details. The database and the table are already created earlier (see section 2. Create App Database and Table). Note the app assumes that the database is created before accessing it.

This section describes the database access code. The TodoDataAccess.java class has the code. This code uses JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API to access the TODO_DB database.

NOTE: The app’s GUI is wired to the database access in the next section (6. Wire GUI with Database Access).

This class has methods to:

Connect to the todo database
Close the todo database
Read all todo table rows into a List collection
Insert a row into todo table
Check if a todo name exists in the todo table
Delete a row from the todo table
Update a row in the todo table

The following shows the TodoDataAccess.java class’s code and details.

5.1 Get Connection

The constructor has code to access the database and gets the Connection object. This connection object is used to read or update database data. The connection’s properties are set as auto commit, i.e., a transaction commits at insert, update or delete without an explicit commit. The connection is of updateable type.

The DriverManager's getConnection() static method uses a URL to connect to the database.

public TodoDataAccess()
            throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
        Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver" );
        conn = DriverManager.getConnection(
    "jdbc:hsqldb:file:db/TODOS_DB;ifexists=true;shutdown=true", "", "");
        conn.setAutoCommit(true);
        conn.setReadOnly(false);
    }

5.2 Get All Rows

This method retrieves all rows from todo table and returns a List collection of Todo elements.

    public List<Todo> getAllRows()
            throws SQLException {
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM " + todoTable + " ORDER BY name";
        PreparedStatement pstmnt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        ResultSet rs = pstmnt.executeQuery();
        List<Todo> list = new ArrayList<>();
        while (rs.next()) {
            int i = rs.getInt("id");
            String s1 = rs.getString("name");
            String s2 = rs.getString("desc");
            list.add(new Todo(i, s1, s2));
        }
        pstmnt.close(); // also closes related result set
        return list;		
    }

5.3 Insert a Row

This method inserts a row into the todo table. The method returns an id for the new todo row.

The id value is a sequence number generated by the database system. This is an IDENTITY column. The DEFAULT keyword (in the INSERT statement) is used for the IDENTITY column, which results in an auto-generated value for the column. See section 2.2. Create Todo Table for details on IDENTITY column creation.

The PreparedStatement's getGeneratedKeys() method retrieves a ResultSet with the newly generated identity column value.

    public int insertRow(Todo todo)
            throws SQLException {
        String dml =
            "INSERT INTO " + todoTable + " VALUES (DEFAULT, ?, ?)";
        PreparedStatement pstmnt = conn.prepareStatement(dml,
            PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
        pstmnt.setString(1, todo.getName());
        pstmnt.setString(2, todo.getDesc());
        pstmnt.executeUpdate(); // returns insert count
        // get identity column value
        ResultSet rs = pstmnt.getGeneratedKeys();
        rs.next();
        int id = rs.getInt(1);
        pstmnt.close();
        return id;
    }

5.4 Check if Todo Name Exists

This method checks if a todo name already exists in the todo table. Note the app allows only unique todo names.

public boolean nameExists(Todo todo)
            throws SQLException {
        String sql = "SELECT COUNT(id) FROM " + todoTable + 
            " WHERE name = ? AND id <> ?";
        PreparedStatement pstmnt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pstmnt.setString(1, todo.getName());
        pstmnt.setInt(2, todo.getId());
        ResultSet rs = pstmnt.executeQuery();
        rs.next();
        int count = rs.getInt(1);
        pstmnt.close();
        if (count > 0) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

5.5 Delete a Row

This method deletes a row from the todo table for a given todo, if it exists. Note that no exception is thrown if no row is deleted.

    public void deleteRow(Todo todo)
            throws SQLException {
        String dml = "DELETE FROM " + todoTable + " WHERE id = ?";
        PreparedStatement pstmnt = conn.prepareStatement(dml);
        pstmnt.setInt(1, todo.getId());
        pstmnt.executeUpdate(); // returns delete count (0 for none)
        pstmnt.close();	
    }

5.6 Update a Row

This method updates an existing row in the todo table with any changes to the todo’s properties.

    public void updateRow(Todo todo)
            throws SQLException {
        String dml = "UPDATE " + todoTable + " SET name = ?, desc = ? " + 
            " WHERE id = ?";
        PreparedStatement pstmnt = conn.prepareStatement(dml);
        pstmnt.setString(1, todo.getName());
        pstmnt.setString(2, todo.getDesc());
        pstmnt.setInt(3, todo.getId());
        pstmnt.executeUpdate(); // returns update count
        pstmnt.close();	
    }

5.7 Close Database

This method closes the database connection and shutdowns the database.

public void closeDb()
            throws SQLException {
        conn.close();
  }

5.8 Source Code

This is the version 2 of the app. One class is newly created – TodoDataAccess.java. There are no changes to the others. The classes are:

Todo.java
TodoDataAccess.java

NOTE: The classes are compiled. There is no program to run.

6. Wire GUI with Database Access

This is the completed app.

The app’s GUI is wired to the database. The app is updated to have the following functions:

Add a new todo item to the list.

Click the new button; enter todo name and description fields.
Click the save button. This inserts the newly entered todo into the database. The new todo item is added to the list.
The app validates that the entered todo name has 5 to 50 character length and is unique in the list.
While entering the new todo, the entry can be cancelled by clicking the delete button.

Update a todo item in the list.

Select a todo from the list. Edit the name and/or description fields.
Click the save button. This saves the updated todo in the database and updates the list, after validation.

Delete a todo item in the list.

Select a todo item from the list.
Click the delete button. This deletes the todo from the database and the list.

App start and close.

At the app start all the todos in the database are loaded into the list.
At the close of the app the database is closed.

6.1 Coding

In this section the app is updated:

The new, save and delete buttons are wired to the respective event handler.
The handler’s code accesses the database.
The app start and close methods access the database.

The database access code is already built in the previous section (5. Create Database Access Code).

6.1.1 About Event Handler

An event handler of type ActionEvent is used as a button’s action event handler. The interface EventHandler is implemented for this purpose. The button’s handler property is set as button.setOnaction(someHandler).
This is common for the three buttons in this app – new, delete and save.

6.2 Create a New Todo

When a user clicks the new button, a new todo item is created in the list view, and the app prompts the user to enter new todo’s name and description.

private class NewButtonListener implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
        @Override
        public void handle(ActionEvent e) {
            actionstatus.setText("New");
            // creates a todo at first row with name NEW todo and
            // selects it
            Todo todo = new Todo(0, "NEW Todo", ""); // 0 = dummy id
            int ix = 0;
            data.add(ix, todo);
            listView.getSelectionModel().clearAndSelect(ix);
            nametxt.clear();
            desctxt.clear();
            nametxt.setText("NEW Todo");
            nametxt.requestFocus();
        }
    }

6.3 Save a Todo

When the save button is clicked, the app:

Validates the todo name for its length (5 to 50 characters)
Checks if the name already exists in the database
Inserts the todo into the database

Note that this event handler is used for both the insert and update functions.

private class SaveButtonListener implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
        @Override
        public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
            int ix = listView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedIndex();
            if (ix < 0) { // no data selected or no data
                return;
            }
            String s1 = nametxt.getText();
            String s2 = desctxt.getText();
            // validate name
            if ((s1.length() < 5) || (s1.length() > 50)) {
                actionstatus.setText(
                    "Name must be 5 to 50 characters in length");
                nametxt.requestFocus();
                nametxt.selectAll();
                return;
            }
            // check if name is unique
            Todo todo = data.get(ix);
            todo.setName(s1);
            todo.setDesc(s2);
            if (isNameAlreadyInDb(todo)) {
                actionstatus.setText("Name must be unique!");
                nametxt.requestFocus();
                return;
            }
            if (todo.getId() == 0) { // insert in db (new todo)
                int id = 0;
                try {
                    id = dbaccess.insertRow(todo);
                }
                catch (Exception e) {
                    displayException(e);
                }				
                todo.setId(id);
                data.set(ix, todo);
                actionstatus.setText("Saved (inserted)");
            }
            else { // db update (existing todo)
                try {
                    dbaccess.updateRow(todo);
                }
                catch (Exception e) {
                    displayException(e);
                }
                actionstatus.setText("Saved (updated)");	
            } // end-if, insert or update in db
            // update list view with todo name, and select it
            data.set(ix, null); // required for refresh
            data.set(ix, todo);
            listView.getSelectionModel().clearAndSelect(ix);
            listView.requestFocus();
        }
    }

    private boolean isNameAlreadyInDb(Todo todo) {
        boolean bool = false;
        try {
            bool = dbaccess.nameExists(todo);
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            displayException(e);
        }		
        return bool;
    }

6.4 Delete or Cancel a Todo

The delete button’s action serves two functions:

Cancels a new todo that is being entered, and not yet saved.
Deletes a selected (existing) todo item from the list and the database.

private class DeleteButtonListener implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
        @Override
        public void handle(ActionEvent ae) {
            int ix = listView.getSelectionModel().getSelectedIndex();
            if (ix < 0) { // no data or none selected
                return;
            }
            Todo todo = data.remove(ix);	
            try {
                dbaccess.deleteRow(todo);
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                displayException(e);
            }					
            actionstatus.setText("Deleted");
            // set next todo item after delete
            if (data.size() == 0) {
                nametxt.clear();
                desctxt.clear();
                return; // no selection
            }		
            ix = ix - 1;		
            if (ix < 0) {
                ix = 0;
            }
            listView.getSelectionModel().clearAndSelect(ix);
            // selected ix data (not set by list listener);
            // requires this is set
            Todo itemSelected = data.get(ix);
            nametxt.setText(itemSelected.getName());
            desctxt.setText(itemSelected.getDesc());
            listView.requestFocus();
        }
    }

6.5 App Start and Close

The JavaFX Application class’s init() and stop() methods are used for app’s initialization and closing. These are overridden in the app. The init method has code to access the database at app start. The stop method has code to close the database at the closing of the app.

Also, following the app start, the todo list is populated with database data (instead of the data created within the program in the earlier version 1). This replaces the code from the version 1. The start method’s code data = getListData() is replaced with data = getDbData().

    @Override
    public void init() {
        try {
            dbaccess = new TodoDataAccess();
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            displayException(e);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void stop() {
        try {
            dbaccess.closeDb();
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            displayException(e);
        }
    }
    private ObservableList<Todo> getDbData() {
        List<Todo> list = null;
        try {
            list = dbaccess.getAllRows();
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            displayException(e);
        }
        ObservableList<Todo> dbData = FXCollections.observableList(list);
        return dbData;
    }
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        ...
        data = getDbData();
        listView.setItems(data);
        ...

6.6 Source Code

This is the version 3 of the app, and is the final. One class, TodoApp.java, is modified. There are no changes to the others. The classes are:

Todo.java
TodoDataAccess.java
TodoApp.java

NOTE:

To compile the app, the jfxrt.jar must be in the classpath.
To run the app, jfxrt.jar and the hsqldb.jar files must be in the classpath.

7. Deploy as a JAR File

7.1 Create Executable JAR File: todoapp.jar

The javafxpackager utility program with the createjar command option is used to create an executable JAR file for the app.

Create a directory called: deploy
Create two sub-directories in the deploy directory: src and dest
Place all the app’s class files in the src directory
Navigate to the deploy directory run the following command from the DOS prompt:

> javafxpackager -createjar -appclass TodoApp -srcdir src -outdir dest -outfile todoapp -v -classpath hsqldb.jar

This creates the app’s executable JAR file. Verify that the file todoapp.jar is created in the dest directory.

7.2 Run the App

Copy the created todoapp.jar file into the deploy (or any) directory. Note that the following are required before running the app:

The hsqldb.jar file in the directory (or in classpath)
The app’s database and the table are pre-created (see section Create App Database and Table)

Run the app with one of the following ways:

(a) From DOS command prompt: