Java EE integration testing with Arquillian using Chameleon, Shrinkwrap, Drone/Graphene
Continuing from my previous post here, I think I have learnt a few new (and exciting) things about Java EE and also Arquillian, and testing, and I would like to share it with you.
But before we start, I would like to first draw your attention to the following points (These are purely my opinion):
- In anticipation with Oracle announcement stopping the commercial support of Commercial, I guess I decided to take a look at another leading Java EE application server, Wildfly, and I was so glad I did.
- In the previous post I used embedded glassfish for testing. Whilst embedded Wildfly is also available, I personally find that testing using remote application server is so much “real”, or getting us closer to simulate the real production environment. Just as an example, if I want to test my application which is running on Wildfly 10 (which uses Java Mail, JMS), currently point to database
'xyz'
, all I need to do is to unzip the same version of application server used in real environment (simply rename it with-test
) and point to another copy of'xyz'
database.
Anyway, let’s start.
In this post, I am going to cover the following:
- The testing scenario (covering JAX-RS and JSR-352 Batch)
- Very brief setup of Wildfly
- Programming JAX-RS and JSR-352 Batch
- Setting up Arquillian with Chameleon (incl. ShrinkWrap)
- Setting up of Drone/Graphene
The scenario
The test is to invoke a RESTFUL web service running on remote Wildfly (which in turn will invoke a JSR-352 Batch). But, instead of testing it manually, i.e. opening a browser or using curl
, we are going to code it as an Arquillian test.
So, that is quite straight-forward.
Installing Wildfly
At the time of writing, I am using Wildfly 10 CR4.
- Just download it in wildfly.org, and unzip it.
- First, you need to add user. so open a terminal and navigate to
<unzip location>/bin/
and run./bin/add-user.sh
. Just follow the prompt. - set a
JAVA_HOME
- First, you need to add user. so open a terminal and navigate to
<unzip location>/bin/
and run./bin/add-user.sh
. Just follow the prompt. - To run wildfly simply run
./bin/standalone.sh
. However, please note by default Wildfly start with Java EE 7 Web Profile (JBoss 2014). I might want to use feature such as JMS, so to start Java EE 7 Full Profile, do./bin/standalone.sh --server-config=standalone-full.xml
Develop a JSR-352 Batch
A JSR-352 Batch (referred as Batch in this article) programming model is quite extensive, but very straight-forward to understand and to use. But basically you can either following the read-process-write model, or roll-your-own batchlet model (Gupta 2013). But for more details, you can refer to the Oracle tutorial here. (Kannan 2013).
In this example, I am going to walk you through a very simple read-process-write Batch.
Write a job XML
- Firstly, create an empty
beans.xml
to enable CDI. - Secondly, you need to create a folder
batch-jobs
under theMETA-INF
. If you usemaven
, then this goes underresources
. - Under the newly created forder, add a Job XML. Please note that by convention, the name of the batch job is nothing but the job JSL XML file name, minus the .xml extension (Kannan 2013). So, let’s say we call it
testJob.xml
. - The
testJob.xml
Comments interleaved.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <job id="testJob" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/jobXML_1_0.xsd" version="1.0"> <step id="testStep"> <!-- Basically the way it works is this. A reader is executed to read an item, and then passed to the processor. Depending on the checkpoint-policy, a collection of processed items are then passed to the writer, to be written. And then transaction commit. Please note in this case since the checkpoint-policy is set to 'item' and item-count="1", it means that each item processed is to be written and transactioni commit. --> <chunk checkpoint-policy="item" item-count="1"> <reader ref="testBatchReader" /> <processor ref="testBatchProcessor" /> <writer ref="testBatchWriter" /> </chunk> </step> </job>
Write the Batch Reader, Processor and Writer
- The
TestBatchReader.java
. Batch will stop processing when reader returnsnull
. This is a very simple example that simply return anInteger
up to 100. But it can be much sophisticated than this, such as reading a file, etc.package id.co.lucyana.hr.batch; import javax.batch.api.chunk.AbstractItemReader; import javax.inject.Named; @Named public final class TestBatchReader extends AbstractItemReader { private int counter = 0; private static final int MAX_COUNTER = 100; @Override public Object readItem() throws Exception { while (this.counter < MAX_COUNTER) { ++this.counter; return this.counter; } return null; } }
- The
TestBatchProcessor.java
. Do nothingpackage id.co.lucyana.hr.batch; import javax.batch.api.chunk.ItemProcessor; import javax.inject.Named; @Named public final class TestBatchProcessor implements ItemProcessor { @Override public Object processItem(Object item) throws Exception { return item; // do nothing here } }
- The
TestBatchWriter.java
. Again, this one can be much sophisticated, such as writing to the underlying datastore, etc.package id.co.lucyana.hr.batch; import java.util.List; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.batch.api.chunk.AbstractItemWriter; import javax.inject.Named; @Named public final class TestBatchWriter extends AbstractItemWriter { @Override public void writeItems(List items) throws Exception { Logger.getLogger(TestBatchWriter.class.getName()).log(Level.INFO, items.toString()); } }
That’s is for your Batch programming. Now let’s start with JAX-RS to trigger Batch to run.
Develop an Restful web service
JAX-RS has been awhile, so I shall not bore you with the details. But basically all we want to achieve is to be able to invoke a Restful webservice, with a job name as a parameter to trigger a batch process.
This is the ApplicationPath
package id.co.lucyana.hr.util; import javax.ws.rs.ApplicationPath; import javax.ws.rs.core.Application; @ApplicationPath(value = "resources") public class ApplicationConfig extends Application { }
And, this is the JAX-RS end point, receiving a job name as a parameter
package id.co.lucyana.hr.batch; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.batch.operations.JobSecurityException; import javax.batch.operations.JobStartException; import javax.batch.runtime.BatchRuntime; import javax.ejb.LocalBean; import javax.ejb.Singleton; import javax.ws.rs.GET; import javax.ws.rs.Path; import javax.ws.rs.Produces; import javax.ws.rs.QueryParam; @Singleton @LocalBean @Path(value = "batch") public class BatchManager { @Path(value = "start") @GET @Produces(value = "application/json") public long start(@QueryParam("job") String job) { Logger.getLogger(BatchManager.class.getName()).log(Level.INFO, BatchRuntime.getJobOperator().getJobNames().toString()); try { return BatchRuntime.getJobOperator().start(job, new Properties()); } catch (JobStartException | JobSecurityException e) { Logger.getLogger(BatchManager.class.getName()).log( Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e); return -1l; } } }
Okay, now take a deep breath… and LET’S TEST!!!
Set up Arquillian, Chameleon, Graphene, Drone, Selenium
Now after all of those development, it is time to test what we have written, and we are going to test it against the real running application server.
The first thing we need to do is to set up Arquillian/Chameleon
Adding Arquillian/Chameleon
If you look at my previous post, referring to the pom.xml
there, you may notice that there are a lot of information regarding to the container used scattered there, i.e. org.jboss.arquillian.container
, etc. Chameleon hides this information and makes it so easy to moves between containers (Knutsen 2015).
So the changes on my pom.xml
would be as follows.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- omitted --> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian</groupId> <artifactId>arquillian-bom</artifactId> <version>1.1.8.Final</version> <scope>import</scope> <type>pom</type> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian</groupId> <artifactId>arquillian-bom</artifactId> <version>1.1.9.Final</version> <type>pom</type> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.junit</groupId> <artifactId>arquillian-junit-container</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.arquillian.container</groupId> <artifactId>arquillian-container-chameleon</artifactId> <version>1.0.0.Alpha5</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <!-- omitted -->
And configure your arquillian.xml
(which is located under your test/resources
if you are using Maven) as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <arquillian xmlns="http://jboss.org/schema/arquillian" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://jboss.org/schema/arquillian http://jboss.org/schema/arquillian/arquillian_1_0.xsd"> <defaultProtocol type="Servlet 3.0" /> <container qualifier="wildfly" default="true"> <configuration> <property name="chameleonTarget">wildfly:10.0.0.CR4:remote</property> <property name="username"><!-- your username goes here --></property> <property name="password"><!-- your password goes here --></property> </configuration> </container> </arquillian>
Adding Graphene/Drone/Selenium
Now, remember what we are trying to emulate is as if the user enter a URL to invoke JAX-RS web service, passing a job name to start a Batch job. BUT, we want to code it as a JUnit
test. In order to do that, we are going to use the combination of Graphene, Drone and Selenium. You can read more details about them here. But basically these technologies are part of the Arquillian test platform catered for web UI testing.
First we need to modify our pom.xml
and add the following:
<!-- omitted --> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!-- omitted --> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-bom</artifactId> <version>2.43.1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!-- Omitted --> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.arquillian.graphene</groupId> <artifactId>graphene-webdriver</artifactId> <version>2.0.3.Final</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- omitted -->
And add snippet in our arquillian.xml
.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- omitted --> <extension qualifier="webdriver"> <!--<property name="browser">firefox</property>--> <property name="remoteReusable">false</property> </extension> </arquillian>
N.B. I could not get ‘firefox’ to work. So by default it would be the ‘htmlUnit’.
All good, the last part is to write the actual Arquillian test.
Write an Arquillian test case
First things first I need to share. And that is to package the application as an EAR. I have tried to deploy it as a (EJB) JAR, JAX-RS does not work, and then simply as WAR, Batch does not work. So, for the purpose of this testing, I deployed as EAR, and all seems to be happy (Nozaki 2015).
So, let’s code our Arquillian test. Comments interleaved.
package id.co.lucyana.hr.batch; import id.co.lucyana.hr.util.ApplicationConfig; import java.net.URL; import org.jboss.arquillian.container.test.api.Deployment; import org.jboss.arquillian.container.test.api.RunAsClient; import org.jboss.arquillian.drone.api.annotation.Drone; import org.jboss.arquillian.junit.Arquillian; import org.jboss.arquillian.test.api.ArquillianResource; import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.Archive; import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.ArchivePaths; import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.ShrinkWrap; import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.spec.EnterpriseArchive; import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.spec.JavaArchive; import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.spec.WebArchive; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; @RunWith(Arquillian.class) public class BatchManagerTest { @Drone private WebDriver driver; @Deployment public static Archive<?> createTestArchive() { // just add classes required in your test final JavaArchive ejbJar = ShrinkWrap.create(JavaArchive.class, "ejb-jar.jar") .addClass(ApplicationConfig.class) .addClass(BatchManager.class) .addClass(TestBatchReader.class) .addClass(TestBatchProcessor.class) .addClass(TestBatchWriter.class) .addAsManifestResource("test-persistence.xml", ArchivePaths.create("persistence.xml")) .addAsManifestResource("META-INF/beans.xml", ArchivePaths.create("beans.xml")) .addAsManifestResource("batch-jobs/testJob.xml") .addAsResource("ValidationMessages.properties"); /* * Embedding war package which contains the test class is needed * So that Arquillian can invoke test class through its servlet * test runner */ final WebArchive testWar = ShrinkWrap.create( WebArchive.class, "test.war").addClass(BatchManagerTest.class); final EnterpriseArchive ear = ShrinkWrap.create(EnterpriseArchive.class) .setApplicationXML("test-application.xml") .addAsModule(ejbJar) .addAsModule(testWar); return ear; } @Before public void beforeEachTest() { this.driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } /* * So that we do not hard-code the URL, simply use @ArquillianResource */ @Test @RunAsClient public void shouldBeAble(@ArquillianResource URL url) { this.driver.get(url.toString() + "resources/batch/start?job=testJob"); String pageSource = this.driver.getPageSource(); System.out.println(pageSource); Assert.assertTrue(true); } }
Please note the use of @ArquillianResource
which allows us not to hard-code the application URL (Knutsen 2012).
Result
Yey!!! So, that’s it. Make sure you have your Wildfly up and running, you can now run your test. Shrinkwrap will package your EAR, then Arquillian/Chameleon will deploy it remotely to the running Wildfly server, then as client, Drone/Graphene/Selenium will invoke the URL to run a Batch called testJob
.
Here is the snippet of the rest result:
18:07:00,585 INFO [org.jboss.as.server] (management-handler-thread - 2) WFLYSRV0010: Deployed "a3ee3dad-d71c-41b0-9f57-9ae6e7ffe859.ear" (runtime-name : "a3ee3dad-d71c-41b0-9f57-9ae6e7ffe859.ear") 18:07:06,137 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.BatchManager] (default task-1) [] 18:07:06,332 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [1] 18:07:06,333 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [2] 18:07:06,333 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [3] 18:07:06,334 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [4] 18:07:06,334 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [5] 18:07:06,334 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [6] 18:07:06,334 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [7] 18:07:06,335 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [8] 18:07:06,335 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [9] 18:07:06,335 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [10] 18:07:06,335 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [11] 18:07:06,336 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [12] 18:07:06,336 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [13] 18:07:06,336 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [14] 18:07:06,336 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [15] 18:07:06,337 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [16] 18:07:06,337 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [17] 18:07:06,337 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [18] 18:07:06,337 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [19] 18:07:06,338 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [20] 18:07:06,338 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [21] 18:07:06,338 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [22] 18:07:06,338 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [23] 18:07:06,339 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [24] 18:07:06,339 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [25] 18:07:06,339 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [26] 18:07:06,339 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [27] 18:07:06,340 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [28] 18:07:06,340 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [29] 18:07:06,340 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [30] 18:07:06,340 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [31] 18:07:06,341 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [32] 18:07:06,341 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [33] 18:07:06,341 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [34] 18:07:06,341 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [35] 18:07:06,341 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [36] 18:07:06,342 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [37] 18:07:06,342 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [38] 18:07:06,342 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [39] 18:07:06,343 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [40] 18:07:06,343 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [41] 18:07:06,343 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [42] 18:07:06,344 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [43] 18:07:06,344 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [44] 18:07:06,344 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [45] 18:07:06,345 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [46] 18:07:06,345 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [47] 18:07:06,345 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [48] 18:07:06,345 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [49] 18:07:06,346 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [50] 18:07:06,346 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [51] 18:07:06,346 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [52] 18:07:06,347 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [53] 18:07:06,347 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [54] 18:07:06,347 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [55] 18:07:06,347 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [56] 18:07:06,348 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [57] 18:07:06,348 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [58] 18:07:06,348 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [59] 18:07:06,348 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [60] 18:07:06,349 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 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1) [87] 18:07:06,354 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [88] 18:07:06,354 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [89] 18:07:06,354 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [90] 18:07:06,355 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [91] 18:07:06,355 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [92] 18:07:06,355 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [93] 18:07:06,355 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [94] 18:07:06,356 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [95] 18:07:06,356 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [96] 18:07:06,356 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [97] 18:07:06,357 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [98] 18:07:06,357 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [99] 18:07:06,357 INFO [id.co.lucyana.hr.batch.TestBatchWriter] (Batch Thread - 1) [100] 18:07:06,885 INFO [org.wildfly.extension.undertow] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 72) WFLYUT0022: Unregistered web context: /test
Resources
- Allen et al., 2014, ‘Functional Testing using Drone and Graphene’, Red Hat Inc., accessed on 23 November 2015
- Gupta, A, 2013, ‘Batch Applications in Java EE 7 – Undertanding JSR 352 Concepts: TOTD #192’, Oracle.com, accessed on 10 November 2015
- JBoss, 2014, ‘Getting Started Guide – Wildfly 8’, JBoss.org, accessed on 10 November 2015
- Kannan, M, 2013, ‘An Overview of Batch Processing in Java EE 7.0’, Oracle.com, accessed on 10 November 2015
- Knutsen, A, 2012, ‘@ArquillianResource java.net.URL when test is run on the server’, JBoss Developer, accessed on 23 November 2015
- Knutsen, A, 2015, ‘Arquillian Blog: Arquillian Container Chameleon 1.0.0.Alpha6 Released’, Red Hat Inc., accessed on 23 November 2015
- Nozaki, K, 2015, ‘Arquillian EJB-JAR/EAR testing examples’, Kohei Nozaki’s blog, accessed on 23 November 2015
- Oracle, 2013, ‘Java EE and GlassFish Server Roadmap Update’, Oracle.com, accessed on 10 November 2015
Reference: | Java EE integration testing with Arquillian using Chameleon, Shrinkwrap, Drone/Graphene from our JCG partner Deny Wuysan at the dwuysan’s blog blog. |