Spring Batch CSV Processing

Overview

Topics we will be discussing include the essential concepts of batch processing with Spring Batch and how to import the data from a CSV into a database.

0 – Spring Batch CSV Processing Example Application

We are building an application that demonstrates the basics of Spring Batch for processing CSV files. Our demo application will allow us to process a CSV file that contains hundreds of records of Japanese anime titles.

0.1 – The CSV

I have downloaded the CSV we will be using from this Github repository, and it provides a pretty comprehensive list of animes.

Here is a screenshot of the CSV open in Microsoft Excel

View and Download the code from Github

1 – Project Structure

2 – Project Dependencies

Besides typical Spring Boot dependencies, we include spring-boot-starter-batch, which is the dependency for Spring Batch as the name suggests, and hsqldb for an in-memory database. We also include commons-lang3 for ToStringBuilder.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.michaelcgood</groupId>
	<artifactId>michaelcgood-spring-batch-csv</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>michaelcgood-spring-batch-csv</name>
	<description>Michael C  Good - Spring Batch CSV Example Application</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.5.7.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-batch</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
			<artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
			<version>3.6</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>


</project>

3 – Model

This is a POJO that models the fields of an anime. The fields are:

• ID. For the sake of simplicity, we treat the ID as a String. However, this could be changed to another data type such as an Integer or Long.
• Title. This is the title of the anime and it is appropriate for it to be a String.
• Description. This is the description of the anime, which is longer than the title, and it can also be treated as a String.

What is important to note is our class constructor for the three fields: public AnimeDTO(String id, String title, String description). This will be used in our application. Also, as usual, we need to make a default constructor with no parameters or else Java will throw an error.

package com.michaelcgood;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
/**
 * Contains the information of a single anime
 *
 * @author Michael C Good michaelcgood.com
 */

public class AnimeDTO {
	
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}

	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}

	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	public void setDescription(String description) {
		this.description = description;
	}



	private String id;
	



	private String title;
	private String description;
	
	public AnimeDTO(){
		
	}
	
	public AnimeDTO(String id, String title, String description){
		this.id = id;
		this.title = title;
		this.description = title;
	}
	

	
	   @Override
	    public String toString() {
		   return new ToStringBuilder(this)
				   .append("id", this.id)
				   .append("title", this.title)
				   .append("description", this.description)
				   .toString();
	   }


}

4 – CSV File to Database Configuration

There is a lot going on in this class and it is not all written at once, so we are going to go through the code in steps. Visit Github to see the code in its entirety.

4.1 – Reader

As the Spring Batch documentation states FlatFileIteamReader will “read lines of data from a flat file that typically describe records with fields of data defined by fixed positions in the file or delimited by some special character (e.g. Comma)”.

We are dealing with a CSV, so of course the data is delimited by a comma, making this the perfect for use with our file.

@Bean
    public FlatFileItemReader<AnimeDTO> csvAnimeReader(){
        FlatFileItemReader<AnimeDTO> reader = new FlatFileItemReader<AnimeDTO>();
        reader.setResource(new ClassPathResource("animescsv.csv"));
        reader.setLineMapper(new DefaultLineMapper<AnimeDTO>() {{
            setLineTokenizer(new DelimitedLineTokenizer() {{
                setNames(new String[] { "id", "title", "description" });
            }});
            setFieldSetMapper(new BeanWrapperFieldSetMapper<AnimeDTO>() {{
                setTargetType(AnimeDTO.class);
            }});
        }});
        return reader;
    }

Important points:

• • FlatFileItemReader is parameterized with a model. In our case, this is AnimeDTO.
  • FlatFileItemReader must set a resource. It uses setResource method. Here we set the resource to animescsv.csv
  • setLineMapper method converts Strings to objects representing the item. Our String will be an anime record consisting of an id, title, and description. This String is made into an object. Note that DefaultLineMapper is parameterized with our model, AnimeDTO.
  • However, LineMapper is given a raw line, which means there is work that needs to be done to map the fields appropriately. The line must be tokenized into a FieldSet, which DelimitedLineTokenizer takes care of. DelimitedLineTokenizer returns a FieldSet.
  • Now that we have a FieldSet, we need to map it. setFieldSetMapper is used for taking the FieldSet object and mapping its contents to a DTO, which is AnimeDTO in our case.

4.2 – Processor

If we want to transform the data before writing it to the database, an ItemProcessor is necessary. Our code does not actually apply any business logic to transform the data, but we allow for the capability to.

4.2.1 – Processor in CsvFileToDatabaseConfig.Java

csvAnimeProcessor returns a new instance of the AnimeProcessor object which we review below.

@Bean
	ItemProcessor<AnimeDTO, AnimeDTO> csvAnimeProcessor() {
		return new AnimeProcessor();
	}

4.2.2 – AnimeProcessor.Java

If we wanted to apply business logic before writing to the database, you could manipulate the Strings before writing to the database. For instance, you could add toUpperCase() after getTitle to make the title upper case before writing to the database. However, I decided not to do that or apply any other business logic for this example processor, so no manipulation is being done. The Processor is here simply for demonstration.

package com.michaelcgood;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemProcessor;

public class AnimeProcessor implements ItemProcessor<AnimeDTO, AnimeDTO> {
	
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AnimeProcessor.class);
    
    @Override
    public AnimeDTO process(final AnimeDTO AnimeDTO) throws Exception {
    	
    	final String id = AnimeDTO.getId();
        final String title = AnimeDTO.getTitle();
        final String description = AnimeDTO.getDescription();

        final AnimeDTO transformedAnimeDTO = new AnimeDTO(id, title, description);

        log.info("Converting (" + AnimeDTO + ") into (" + transformedAnimeDTO + ")");

        return transformedAnimeDTO;
    }

}

4.3 – Writer

The csvAnimeWriter method is responsible for actually writing the values into our database. Our database is an in-memory HSQLDB however this application allows us to easily swap out one database for another. The dataSource is autowired.

@Bean
	public JdbcBatchItemWriter<AnimeDTO> csvAnimeWriter() {
		 JdbcBatchItemWriter<AnimeDTO> excelAnimeWriter = new JdbcBatchItemWriter<AnimeDTO>();
		 excelAnimeWriter.setItemSqlParameterSourceProvider(new BeanPropertyItemSqlParameterSourceProvider<AnimeDTO>());
		 excelAnimeWriter.setSql("INSERT INTO animes (id, title, description) VALUES (:id, :title, :description)");
		 excelAnimeWriter.setDataSource(dataSource);
	        return excelAnimeWriter;
	}

4.4 – Step

A Step is a domain object that contains an independent, sequential phase of a batch job and contains all of the information needed to define and control the actual batch processing.

Now that we’ve created the reader and processor for data we need to write it. For the reading, we’ve been using chunk-oriented processing, meaning we’ve been reading the data one at a time. Chunk-oriented processing also includes creating ‘chunks’ that will be written out, within a transaction boundary. For chunk-oriented processing, you set a commit interval and once the number of items read equals the commit interval that has been set, the entire chunk is written out via the ItemWriter, and the transaction is committed. We set the chunk interval size to 1.

I suggest reading the Spring Batch documentation about chunk-oriented processing.

Then the reader, processor, and writer call the methods we wrote.

@Bean
	public Step csvFileToDatabaseStep() {
		return stepBuilderFactory.get("csvFileToDatabaseStep")
				.<AnimeDTO, AnimeDTO>chunk(1)
				.reader(csvAnimeReader())
				.processor(csvAnimeProcessor())
				.writer(csvAnimeWriter())
				.build();
	}

4.5 – Job

A Job consists of Steps. We pass a parameter into the Job below because we want to track the completion of the Job.

@Bean
	Job csvFileToDatabaseJob(JobCompletionNotificationListener listener) {
		return jobBuilderFactory.get("csvFileToDatabaseJob")
				.incrementer(new RunIdIncrementer())
				.listener(listener)
				.flow(csvFileToDatabaseStep())
				.end()
				.build();
	}

5 – Job Completion Notification Listener

The class below autowires the JdbcTemplate because we’ve already set the dataSource and we want to easily make our query. The results of our are query are a list of AnimeDTO objects. For each object returned, we will create a message in our console to show that the item has been written to the database.

package com.michaelcgood;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.springframework.batch.core.BatchStatus;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution;
import org.springframework.batch.core.listener.JobExecutionListenerSupport;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class JobCompletionNotificationListener extends JobExecutionListenerSupport {

	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JobCompletionNotificationListener.class);

	private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

	@Autowired
	public JobCompletionNotificationListener(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
		this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
	}

	@Override
	public void afterJob(JobExecution jobExecution) {
		if(jobExecution.getStatus() == BatchStatus.COMPLETED) {
			log.info("============ JOB FINISHED ============ Verifying the results....\n");

			List<AnimeDTO> results = jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT id, title, description FROM animes", new RowMapper<AnimeDTO>() {
				@Override
				public AnimeDTO mapRow(ResultSet rs, int row) throws SQLException {
					return new AnimeDTO(rs.getString(1), rs.getString(2), rs.getString(3));
				}
			});

			for (AnimeDTO AnimeDTO : results) {
				log.info("Discovered <" + AnimeDTO + "> in the database.");
			}

		}
	}
	
}

6 – SQL

We need to create a schema for our database. As mentioned, we have made all fields Strings for ease of use, so we have made their data types VARCHAR.

DROP TABLE animes IF EXISTS;
CREATE TABLE animes  (
    id VARCHAR(10),
    title VARCHAR(400),
    description VARCHAR(999)
);

6 – Main

This is a standard class with main(). As the Spring Documentation states, @SpringBootApplication is a convenience annotation that includes @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration, @EnableWebMvc, and @ComponentScan.

package com.michaelcgood;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBatchCsvApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringBatchCsvApplication.class, args);
	}
}

7 – Demo

7.1 – Converting

The FieldSet is fed through the processor and “Converting” is printed to the console.

7.2 – Discovering New Items In Database

When the Spring Batch Job is finished, we select all the records and print them out to the console individually.

7.3 – Batch Process Complete

When the Batch Process is complete this is what is printed to the console.

Job: [FlowJob: [name=csvFileToDatabaseJob]] completed with the following parameters: [{run.id=1, -spring.output.ansi.enabled=always}] and the following status: [COMPLETED]
Started SpringBatchCsvApplication in 36.0 seconds (JVM running for 46.616)

8 – Conclusion

Spring Batch builds upon the POJO-based development approach and user-friendliness of the Spring Framework’s to make it easy for developers to create enterprise grade batch processing.

The source code is on Github

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