Previously we took a dive into solid principles including the single responsibility and the open/closed principle.
The Liskov substitution principle (LSP) is a particular definition of a subtyping relation, called (strong) behavioral subtyping,
Supposing object S is a subtype of object T, then objects of type T may be replaced with objects of type S without altering any of the desirable properties of T.
Suppose we have the Employee class.
package com.gkatzioura.solid.liskov;
public class Employee {
public void work() {
System.out.println("Employee is working");
}
}Also we have another class which inherits the Employee class.
package com.gkatzioura.solid.liskov;
public class EmployeeOnVacation extends Employee {
@Override
public void work() {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Employees on vacation should not work");
}
}Supposing that we have a project.
package com.gkatzioura.solid.liskov;
import java.util.List;
public class Project {
public void start(List<Employee> employees) {
for(Employee employee:employees) {
employee.work();
}
}
}And we assign our employees to start working on it
List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
employees.add(new EmployeeOnVacation());
employees.add(new Employee());
Project project = new Project();
project.start(employees);The outcome would be an exception due to the employee who is on vacation and thus the project will not be completed.
In order to avoid violating the principle we shall use a different approach and make two different employee interfaces.
The WorkingEmployee interface.
package com.gkatzioura.solid.liskov;
public interface WorkingEmployee {
public void work();
}And the non working employee interface.
package com.gkatzioura.solid.liskov;
public interface NonWorkingEmployee {
void relax();
}Thus the project will use only employees who are implementations of the WorkingEmployee interface.
List<WorkingEmployee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
employees.add(new WorkingEmployeeImpl());
Project project = new Project();
project.start(employees);You can find the source code on github. Next principle is the interface segregation principle.
Also I have compiled a cheat sheet containing a summary of the solid principles.
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| Published on Java Code Geeks with permission by Emmanouil Gkatziouras, partner at our JCG program. See the original article here: Solid Principles: Liskov substitution principle Opinions expressed by Java Code Geeks contributors are their own. |
